Presentation Details
| Controlled Solvent Evaporation for AgBi₁Sb₁I₇-Based Lead-Free Triple-Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells Mai A Alharbi1, Tapas K Mallick1, 2. 1University of Exeter, penryn, United Kingdom.2Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia |
Abstract
Triple-mesoscopic perovskite solar cells (T-MPSCs) have attracted increasing attention due to their simplified fabrication, low-cost materials, and excellent stability. In this architecture, the perovskite absorber is infiltrated into a TiO₂/ZrO₂/carbon mesoscopic scaffold, making crystallization highly sensitive to thermal annealing and solvent evaporation. However, achieving high-quality lead-free perovskite films within this structure still presents significant difficulties. Here, we report a semi-closed solvent evaporation-controlled annealing (SCSEA) strategy using a petri-dish-assisted arrangement to control solvent removal during film formation under ambient conditions. In this approach, the perovskite device is placed beneath a partially confined petri dish, creating a controlled solvent vapor environment that suppresses rapid evaporation. For the first time, Sb-rich AgBi₁Sb₁I₇ is successfully integrated into a T-MPSC architecture, enabling systematic investigation of crystallization behavior and device performance. The semi-closed treatment significantly enhances film crystallinity and morphology, which causes large grain size, improved uniformity, and reduced pinhole density. As a result, devices with the architecture FTO/c-TiO₂/mp-TiO₂/ZrO₂/carbon/AgBi₁Sb₁I₇ exhibit an increase in power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 0.41% (untreated) to 0.63% after SCSEA. Moreover, the unencapsulated treatment devices demonstrate good operational stability, retaining approximately 90% of their initial efficiency after 1000 h of ambient storage under fluctuating humidity (RH 40–60%). This study presents a scalable semi-closed solvent evaporation strategy for lead-free T-MPSCs and provides new insight into the role of solvent-evaporation regulation in governing crystallization, film quality, and long-term device stability
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