Presentation Details
| The 4T Factory: Integrating Factory Planning, CoO, and LCOE Dynamics for Perovskite-Silicon Commercialization Julian Reichle1, Markus Beck1, Mehul Raval1, Siddhartha Garud2, Wolfgang Jooß1, Rutger Schlatmann2, Peter Fath1. 1RCT Solutions GmbH, Konstanz, Germany.2Helmholz-Zentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany |
Abstract
The photovoltaic industry is approaching the Shockley–Queisser efficiency limit for conventional silicon technologies, necessitating tandem architectures to achieve higher performance [1]. This work presents a techno-economic evaluation of a fully integrated giga-factory concept for 4-terminal (4T) perovskite-silicon tandem (PST) modules, covering the relevant value chains trough system assembly. The proposed facility is designed for an annual capacity of 3 GW and utilizes established silicon TOPCon technology integrated with a perovskite-coated glass top cell. This combination results in higher module efficiencies compared to conventional TOPCon silicon modules, based on state-of-the-art key performance indicators for both technologies. Our analysis includes conceptual and basic engineering (LOD 200) and cost-of-ownership (CoO) modelling. Results indicate that perovskite integration adds approximately 14.5 USD/m² to module costs when produced in China, driven primarily by material and equipment CAPEX. While initial CoO for PST modules exceed that of silicon-only modules, balance-of-system (BOS) savings and an assumed energy yield improvement (+10%) for the top cell enable levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) parity or advantage in regions with high BOS costs (EU, U.S.). Sensitivity analysis reveals that a 40% reduction in perovskite integration costs or a 2% absolute efficiency gain can offset degradation rates up to 2% per year.
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No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the author.
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